Existing scholarship on rhino poaching proffers a simplistic concurrence of interlinked drivers, including the entry of transnational organised crime into wildlife crime, opportunity structures and the endemic poverty facing people living close to protected areas.

In 2016, the Nepalese government announced its fourth year of zero rhino poaching as well as increases in the population. Two primary factors are said to have led to this achievement:

1. Institutional and legislative changes allowing strict law enforcement

In 1992, the non-governmental organisation Conservation International do Brasil (CI-Brasil) began a conservation and development project with the Kayapó community of A’Ukre with the objective of providing economic alternatives to logging so to protect a population of mahogany trees.

This paper explores how local people, who are often part of the problem of wildlife decline in Southeast Asia, can also be part of the solution. The authors offer practical methodologies to initiate and develop collaborative wildlife conservation at the local level, illustrating&nb

This article describes how a participatory action research project, the Zambezi Valley Advocacy Project, assisted the process of improving the autonomy of communities over wildlife management issues in the Zambezi Valley, Zimbabwe.

This Biodiversity Research Paper explores the roles communities do and should play in countering wildlife crime, motivations, and benefits for individuals and communities to engage in anti-poaching and anti-trafficking efforts, and risks and mitigation of risks associated with involvement.

The authors look at the success in two protected areas in India, the Gorumara National Park and Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary. Since 1990 the rhino populations have continued to rise, with 43 and 150 rhinos respectively, and poaching of the greater one-horned rhino extremely low.

When trophy hunting is well-regulated and properly managed, it can deliver the triple benefits of providing sustainable livelihood opportunities for communities, encouraging the protection of wildlife populations, and maintaining natural ecosystems.  

Illegal transnational wildlife trade attracts considerable attention yet this is frequently directed towards law enforcement and demand reduction, neglecting effective incentives for community-based and private sector management.

Combating the surge of illegal wildlife trade (IWT) devastating wildlife populations is an urgent global priority for conservation. There are increasing policy commitments to take action at the local community level as part of effective responses.